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How do headphones use magnets to produce sound?

The headphones we use every day, whether wired or wireless, contain an important “small component”— magnet. What is its function? How do headphones utilize it?


Currently, most headphones use “dynamic drivers,” which mainly consist of magnets (usually powerful neodymium magnets), voice coils (a circle of thin copper wire), and diaphragms (thin, paper-like discs). The magnets are placed in a fixed position in the headphones, where they generate a stable magnetic field. The voice coils are placed in this magnetic field and connected to the diaphragms.


When the music signal is converted into an electric current and transmitted to the voice coil, the voice coil vibrates under the influence of the magnetic field according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. The movement of the voice coil causes the diaphragm connected to it to vibrate as well. The vibration of the diaphragm pushes the air, producing the sound we hear.


Headphone structure

Headphone structure


You may ask, why use magnets? Magnets mainly provide a magnetic field. The stronger the magnet, the more stable the magnetic field, the greater the force exerted on the voice coil, the more sensitive the diaphragm vibration, and the clearer the sound quality. Therefore, modern headphones often use small neodymium magnets, which are compact but powerful, making them ideal for use in headphones.


As for the shape of the magnets in headphones, there are mainly circular, ring-shaped, and rectangular shapes, all of which are relatively small, generally ranging from 2 to 15 mm in size.


In summary, headphones produce sound through the “teamwork” of magnets, electric currents, and diaphragms. Magnets create magnetic fields, electric currents move the voice coil, and the voice coil causes the diaphragm to vibrate, thereby converting electrical signals into sound.


Application magnet selection;

Tiny neodymium magnets


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